good faith (TMK Article 2). Administrative directives established by the management—such as pool usage hours, fire safety protocols, pet restrictions, hygiene mandates, and noise prohibitions—are legally binding components of the contractual relationship.35 5.5. Obligations and Liabilities of Third Parties Modern tourism operations rarely function as bipartite agreements; they are complex, multi-layered ecosystems heavily reliant on a vertical and horizontal network of independent subcontractors, transport providers, digital intermediaries and even non-participant third-parties. This structural complexity necessitates highly specialized legal mechanisms to accurately allocate liability when third-party actions result in consumer harm including Subcontractors and Independent Service Providers; Local Organizers Outside the Hotel; Transport Companies; Digital Platforms and OTAs; and Public Institutions and Municipalities; Other Tourists/Guests. VI. CONTEMPORARY LEGAL ISSUES IN TURKISH TOURISM The rapid digitalization of the global economy has fundamentally disrupted traditional hospitality paradigms, creating complex regulatory challenges for lawmakers worldwide. In Türkiye, this disruption is most acutely manifested in the explosive growth of the “sharing economy,” specifically through alternative accommodation models facilitated by digital platforms such as Airbnb, Booking. com, and VRBO. For over a decade, this sector operated in a vast legal grey area, evading the strict administrative oversight, tax obligations, and consumer protection mandates that govern traditional hotels. However, the Turkish legislature’s recent interventions have radically restructured this landscape, shifting the paradigm from laissez-faire digital innovation to state regulation. 6.1. Law No. 7464: The Radical Regulation of Short-Term Rentals (“The Airbnb Law”) To rectify this regulatory vacuum, combat systemic tax evasion, and address severe public security concerns, the Turkish Grand National Assembly enacted 35 Tuğçem Seçer, “Konaklama Sözleşmesi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi (2022): 201 19 TRAVEL AND TOURISM LAW IN TÜRKIYE
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