America, the protection of traditional cuisines and the articulation between gastronomy, tourism, and public policies have also gained prominence9. Other initiatives denounce food fraud through the use of symbols, names, and images that mask their origin10. In Brazil, the subject acquires extreme relevance given the richness and variety of the national gastronomic heritage, with the growing promotion of artisanal and traditional products11, alongside the insertion of integrated public policies that articulate culture, economy, and enterprises using environmental resources12. The legal protection of artisanal cheeses13, typical dishes, and customary culinary techniques (such as acarajé)14 exemplifies practical challenges that demand adequate conceptual and regulatory frameworks15. This corresponds to the metaphor: not only food requires preservation, but also culture. Internationally, the starting point derives from UNESCO through the 1972 Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, later expanded by the 1989 Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional and Popular Culture. The motivation for this study is justified by the need for theoretical consolidation of this “emerging discipline,” which demands appropriate legal instruments for the protection of gastronomic heritage, and by the importance of 9 GIMENES-MINASSE, Maria Henriqueta Sperandio Garcia. Notas sobre políticas públicas a respeito da gastronomia no contexto turístico brasileiro. Turismo e Sociedade, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 3, 2017. DOI: 10.5380/tes. v9i3.48571. Disponível em: https://revistas.ufpr.br/turismo/article/view/48571. Acesso em: 5 jan. 2026. Observe: “The broad recognition and appreciation of Brazilian gastronomy as a cultural practice is a movement under construction that necessarily passes through the scrutiny of official channels (institutions and federal entities) and their respective public policies, just as has already occurred in countries such as France and Spain. In the field of tourism, the logic is no different”. 10 Carreño, I; Vergano, PR. Geographical indications, “Food Fraud” and the Fight Against “Italian sounding” Products. European Journal of Risk Regulation. 2016;7(2):416-420.doi:10.1017/S1867299X00005821. 11 It is the Brazilian case through Decree No. 3.551/2000, which instituted the Registry of Cultural Assets of Intangible Nature, creating the National Program of Intangible Heritage and consolidating the National Inventory of Cultural References (INCR), in order to protect “cultural assets of intangible nature.” 12 BRAZIL. Law No. 15,190 of 2025. This legislation, in providing for environmental licensing, requires studies on the impact of the activity or enterprise on Indigenous or Quilombola lands, on safeguarded cultural heritage, or on nature conservation units. 13 http://portal.iphan.gov.br/uploads/ckfinder/arquivos/Dossie_modo_fazer_queijo_minas.pdf. IPHAN Register. Accessed on 14 Jan. 2026. 14 http://portal.iphan.gov.br/uploads/ckfinder/arquivos/Dossie_oficio_baianas_acaraje.pdf. IPHAN Register. Accessed on 14 Jan. 2026. 15 The international starting point comes from UNESCO through the 1972 Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, later expanded by the 1989 Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional and Popular Culture, culminating in the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Paris. 71 ‘STOMACH RULES’ AND CONSUMER PROMOTION
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