or, in a more adequate evaluative language, the “fundamental legal good”, in this case, gastronomy39, whose legal space gains notability from democratic constitutionalism and the interactions among diverse constitutions worldwide40. The specific detail lies in the characteristics of observing the plurality of sciences (the interdisciplinary dimension, including extra-legal aspects) and the interconnections among knowledge (the transversal dimension, dialogues among different experiences)41. In short, it is not a matter of a single epistemology, but rather of epistemological complexities that bring together “epistemic negotiation” among differentiated disciplinary paradigms, thereby allowing the formulation of new syntheses or hybrid resolutions, and, on the other hand, “epistemic transfer,” highlighting the thematic relevance (meta-perspective) that crosses disciplinary boundaries42. This understanding is indeed the differentiating cornerstone, because gastronomy and gastronomic law are not stable, finished, or definitive subjects. The highlighted structuring elements (as already outlined: the global food chain; the geographical indications of products; and the cultural identity of gastronomic communities), by themselves, present challenging dimensions. 2.1 Global Food Chain: a Paradox between Hunger, Obesity, and Market Limits The global food chain can be understood as an economic process of undeniable complexity operating in the contemporary world. It constitutes a true “network” that connects producers, distributors, industries, restaurants, retailers, and consumers on a planetary scale, mobilizing considerable assets and directly influencing environmental, social, and cultural issues. From a legal perspective, the more prosperous this process becomes, the broader the scope of free enterprise and the various sectoral and contractual arrangements characteristic of market growth, development, and refinement. 39 SILVA, Jorge Pereira da. Deveres do Estado de protecção de direitos fundamentais: fundamentação e estrutura das relações jusfundamentais triangulares. Lisboa: Universidade Católica Editora, 2015. 40 NEVES, Marcelo. Transconstitucionalismo. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2009. 41 NABAIS, José Casalta. Tributos com fins ambientais. In Doutrinas Essenciais de Direito Tributário. v. 6. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 2011, p. 1143-1178. In a different sense for environmental law, see: It is precisely to underline this nature that, in general, attention is drawn to two characteristics of environmental law, emphasizing that it appears dominated, on the one hand, by the idea of interdisciplinarity, requiring recourse to various extra-legal forms of knowledge, to knowledge proper to the social sciences and natural sciences, to engineering and technical expertise, and, on the other hand, by the idea of horizontality or transversality, calling upon the various branches of law and mobilizing them for environmental protection. Hence, among the instruments of environmental intervention, we find constitutional law, international law, community law, private law, criminal law, administrative law, tax law, etc.” 42 Capra, Fritjof. A teia da vida: uma nova compreensão científica. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2004. 77 ‘STOMACH RULES’ AND CONSUMER PROMOTION
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