movement, the exclusionary effects of production and distribution must be avoided by public authorities and private initiative through public policies grounded in ethical solidarity49. Models for preventing and combating the scourge of hunger are vast: income transfer programs that enable access to food and impact the households of the excluded; alignment of compulsory education with healthy nutrition for students, from early childhood to higher education; inclusion of basic food baskets and meals for workers, both during and outside working hours; special gastronomic care for hospitalized patients, particularly in the public health system; access for elderly persons in long-term care institutions to quality food; supply for incarcerated individuals or those in socio-educational measures; establishment of popular restaurants or subsidized canteens; and, especially, the adoption of measures to end the “anti-culture of waste”.50 From hunger emerges a complex bundle of multiple causes, among them corruption, which is inseparably linked to the global food chain. Although private initiative is predominant, public authorities (domestic and international) also act within this chain—sometimes in ways that harm the most vulnerable through controlled actions that, for the benefit of dominant groups and partners, impede household supply (the “politics of hunger”); at other times by failing to fulfill fundamental duties of implementing public policies aimed at those in extreme poverty. Hunger and corruption are well-known allies in social exclusion—a crucial point with direct repercussions on nutrition, on the fundamental right to adequate food, and, above all, on gastronomy.51 Alongside hunger, another step to be overcome in the global food chain is the extreme paradox of obesity. Part of the food industry and part of media relations, forget the improvement of other aspects of human quality of life that are not completely linked to economic growth.” 49 LEVINAS, Emmanuel. Ética e infinito. Lisboa: Edições 70, 2007, p. 80-81. In the expression: “The ‘self’ always bears one responsibility more than all the others.” 50 Vieira, Luciane Klein; Frainer, Victória Maria. Consumo sustentável e desperdício de alimentos: uma proposta do Mercosul para o cumprimento da Agenda 2030. Revista de Direito do Consumidor. vol. 143.ano 31.p. 95-120. São Paulo: Ed. RT, 2022, p. 95-120. RIBEIRO JÚNIOR, José Raimundo Sousa. O desperdício de alimentos e a fome: uma análise crítica da atuação da ONU e do Banco Mundial. In: ZARO, Marcelo (Org.). Desperdício de alimentos: velhos hábitos, novos desafios. Caxias do Sul: EDUCS, 2018. 51 PALOMINO. Teodosio A. Su majestad la corrupción. Revista de Direito do Trabalho. v. 133. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 2009, p. 327 – 336. Adds: “De la subplaga del hambre también puede afirmarse inequívocamente que deriva de la injusticia, puesto que usualmente los pobres padecen de permanente desnutrición, debido a que sus bajas remuneraciones les impiden alimentarse convenientemente y de modo satisfactorio. Quien está mal remunerado se alimenta usualmente de modo deficitario, es decir, es proclive a contraer enfermedades generadas por la nutrición inadecuada. Indudable es que todos aquellos que disponen de un trabajo mal remunerado, suelen padecer hambre, y más aún, aquellos que carecen de trabajo”. 79 ‘STOMACH RULES’ AND CONSUMER PROMOTION
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