Consequently, the tourist use of the territory requires that any form of intervention on a territory will have to take into account the principles underlying administrative action, namely, reasonableness, good performance and proportionality in the care of public interests. IV. LANDSCAPE EMICS AND LAND ETHICS From the 1950s onward of the last century, tourism developed so much that within a few years it became one of the main economic levers of industrialized countries, transforming from a basically elitist-based tourism to mass tourism. The slow, though progressive, development of a land ethic40 intended, on the one hand, to improve road infrastructure and services in general and, on the other, to create, on the communicative level, thanks to the development of the media, true showcases of cultural opportunities, has enabled tourism to transform itself from an extemporaneous and episodic fact reserved for a few, to a constant para-ludic of each person’s life. A transformation, in truth, that is perpetually in progress41 and that is expressed and manifested with ever-changing nuances in each city thanks in part to far-sighted policies of agreements between the center and the periphery that produce obvious benefits on the ecosystem of reference42, that is, on culture, society, the economy and the environment, both on a national and local scale.43 For this reason, smart cities, and their technical-urban infrastructural peculiarities, today represent an important opportunity to be taken into account for the proper management of tourist flows that have been gradually increasing over the years, except for a few contingent downturns. Put another way, the policies of the future city, cognizant of the concrete prospect of being faced with ever-increasing numbers of tourist demand, will have to, even on the level of administrative organization, diligently take advantage of technological solutions in the knowledge that tourism is a complex system on which the polis cannot help but feed. 40 For a reflection on the topic see M. De Zan, Ethics, environment and territory, Guerini e Associati 2004. S. Moroni, Ethics and territory. Perspectives of political philosophy for a territorial planning, Franco Angeli 2007. 41 Read in this regard the educational pages of M. D’Eramo, The Selfie of the World. Survey of the age of tourism, Feltrinelli 42 The reflections and proposals on these aspects are very useful M. Carta, B. Lino, D. Ronsivalle (a cura di), Re-cyclical Urbanism. Visions, paradigms and project for circular metamorphosis Listlab 2016. 43 Cfr. the timely reflections of G. Iacovone A center-periphery pact for urban sustainability of commerce and tourism, in Scritti per Franco Gaetano Scoca, Editoriale Scientifica 2020. 173 SMART CITIES AND TOURISM
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