not workers from Countries with less mature capitalistic systems and providing less protection, as they cannot but rejoice for the increasing limited effectiveness of the rules protecting them, irrespective of how they are implemented or even promised only. The fundamental prejudice is to the institutional and judicial systems of the most recently industrialized States, as they are unable to ensure sufficient implementation of the rules promoting the interests of the workers that are their citizens; the first signs can be seen of the shifting of jurisdiction on disputes concerning their citizens’ rights outside their borders. No fate could be worst. Not only is the legislation applying to multinational enterprises’ operation being centralized in the legal systems of the parent companies’ home Countries, but there is also a sort of judicial deputization programme. The States providing lower social protection may lose the power to regulate the operations of foreign enterprises in their territory or, in any case, their legislative and judicial powers may progressively (albeit possibly not fast) weaken, not only for high - ranking workers (and this process is already at a very advanced stage or, in some cases, completed), but also for lower - ranking workers, who are conditioned by this attraction towards the regulatory force of the legal system of the parent company’s home Country. Over time, similar processes deprive many States of the ability to set their own rational industrial policy and income redistribution strategies, besides the understandable desire to attract foreign capital. III. THE DIRECTIVE AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR TOURISM COMPANIES Today, speaking of employment relationships, but also of protection of the environment, there is no lack of parameters to identify the minimum protection, and not so much thanks to the European Union indications on wages, but rather thanks to the various measures issued by the International Labour Organization, not to mention the no less significant ones resulting from treaties on free trade or, in any case, from international law based on conventions (see Harrison – Barbu – Campling – Richardson – Smith 2019, 260 et seq.). The problem is their poor effectiveness and the lack of effectiveness causes the lack of any impact on the governance multinational enterprises, which are free to take advantage of the different State strategies and, especially, of the weakest and least developed ones, with continuous increase in the number of economic players able to operate and compete in tens of markets, even in case of small - sized groups, at least on a global scale. 74
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