Enrico Gragnoli of a public or private employer, with or without payment, even solely for the purposes of learning a trade, art or profession, with the exception of those that undertake domestic services and family members”, with the recent clarification that they are on a par with “the recipients of training and vocational initiatives (…) which are promoted for undertaking school work experience sessions, or to assist in professional orientation by means of direct knowledge of the working world”. The original wording of the first paragraph of article 2, letter a), of legislative decree no. 81 of 2008 was drafted in 2008. It does not make express reference to productive experiences for tourism or leisure - related purposes, but implies that its interpretation should be as extensive as possible where uniform risk situations apply. Indeed the participation of inexperienced persons in farming or agricultural and industrial production processes heightens the risk, and renders recourse to any and all forms of protection even more urgent, beginning with accurate preventive information and active accompainment in order to safeguard those from different professional backgrounds. As a result, rules for safeguarding health and safety do not just apply to these persons (who are not employees), but indeed they must be implemented even more rigorously, as ongoing care and respect for prevention measures is vital for those who are inexperienced and often altogether unfamiliar with manual tasks in general, much less still familiar with the farming and agricultural and industrial field. Therefore, it is not only necessary to use equipment in line with general provisions to promote safety, but it is also essential to introduce measures that help prevent hazards caused by general lack of expertise which the business concerned must overcome with corresponding resources. First and foremost, this requires thorough analysis beforehand, in order to identify any risks which are doubtless greater for an eager but - perhaps - imprudent tourist, than for a worker who is aware of the circumstances and used to making careful use of equipment. In the case of tasks in roles that pose risks involving persons from other professional backgrounds with little experience and practical knowledge of the agricultural or industrial sector as a whole, the preventive measures must be enhanced to an extreme level in order to protect those at greatest need of the business’s expertise, particularly with regard to specific preventive information to bridge inevitable and often highly significant gaps in know - how. Accordingly, where wine tourism is concerned, tourists can be involved in grape cultivation or wine - making tasks, but with all the precautions that might be called for
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