In the absence of a general international obligation to recognise TSG schemes (the TRIPS Agreements say nothing about this, as they only protect geographical indications82), TSG protection is necessarily limited to the territory of the Union and to considering only the traditions existing there.83 However, TSG names originating in third countries may also be eligible for EU regulation, provided they are protected in their country and the product meets the relevant quality requirements.84 Finally, names, used nationally to designate agricultural products and foodstuffs, are prohibited from creating confusion with TSGs.85 VI. THE RELATIONSHIP WITH GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND TRADE MARKS The registration of a name as a TSG does not preclude the application of European or national86 rules on intellectual property and the rights granted on their basis.87 This allows for the coexistence of the TSG Traditional Mozzarella, on the one hand, and the PDOs Mozzarella di Bufala Campana and Mozzarella di Gioia del Colle, on the other. The presence of the former does not preclude the existence of the latter. Moreover, such coexistence is also permitted by the circumstance that TGSs are not subjected to the rule aimed at avoiding confusion between geographical indications in the case of their homonymy, according to which the registration of a geographical indication – that is wholly or partially homonymous with an existing one – is precluded, if their coexistence could mislead the consumer.88 82 L. Di Costanzo, La tutela internazionale delle tradizioni agro-alimentari, in Riv. Dir. Alim., 1, 2014, p. 441. On international agreements on the protection of geographical indications for wine, E. M. Appiano, Oenological practices and geographical indications protection in main international EU Agreements, in Jus Vini, 1, 2021, p.11. 83 Reg. (EU) No 2024/1143, cited above, recital 63. 84 Reg. (EU) No 2024/1143, cited above, recital 70. 85 Reg. (EU) No 2024/1143, cited above, Art. 68(2). 86 F. Albisinni, Continuiamo a farci del male: la Corte costituzionale e il made in Lazio, in Diritto e giurisprudenza agraria, alimentare e dell’ambiente, 2012, p. 532 ss; C. Losavio, Marchi regionali di qualità e origine per la tutela, in Italian papers on federalism, 1-2, 2015, p.1; F. Capelli, Il Regolamento (UE) n. 1151/2012 sui regimi di qualità dei prodotti agro-alimentari: luci ed ombre, cited above, p.54. 87 Reg. (EU) No 2024/1143, cited above, art.69. 88 Reg. (EU) No 2024/1143, cited above, art. 29(2), which corresponds to art. 6(3) of the former Reg. (EU) No 2012/1151. On this subject, the Commission expressed itself in Implementing Regulation (EU) 1291/2022, cited above, point 19. 343 FOODSTUFF TRADITION PROTECTION
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