• Vagueness: when a company’s ‘green’ message is too broad or ambiguous, leaving consumers to interpret it and tending to overestimate the sustainability of products. • False labelling: when use is made of images and/or drawings on product labels in order to make the customer see that the product is certified, but in reality the certification is not approved or official. • Irrelevance: when companies make use of attributes that are sustainable, but still do not make any environmental contribution or improvement, but in the eyes of consumers are of great contribution. • Lesser Evil: when a product is shown as the least polluting to the environment within a category of products with a high environmental impact. • Misleading: when environmental claims are made that are simply untrue. For example, selling the idea that half of the price of a product will go to a good environmental cause and then not donating it, among many other examples. VI. CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CUBA. CONCLUSIVE IDEAS For those who have approached, from the doctrine, consumer relations in Cuban reality, the work of the recently deceased Professor Nancy de la C. Ojeda Rodríguez, Professor of Law of Obligations and Contracts and teacher of several generations of jurists at the University of Havana and Cuba, is an obligatory reference. Perhaps one of her latest reflections on the subject can be found in a work of her authorship published in Italy in 2019.14, entitled “El derecho de consumidores en Cuba. Retos y perspectivas.” According to this author, consumer protection in Cuba has shortcomings, among which the following stand out: -The organisational and functional structure created (recently) to exercise the governing and control function of consumer protection lacks material, financial and technical resources for the functioning of the activity, coupled with the fact that there are no trained and specialised human resources to assume the functions of consumer protection. 14 Costituzione e diritto privato. Una riforma per Cuba, a cura di Andrea Barenghi, Massimo Proto e Leonardo B. Pérez Gallardo, Editoriale Scientifica, Napoli, 2019. 624 FREDDY A. HUNG GIL | ANABEL GONZÁLEZ FERNÁNDEZ
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