Therefore, the focus of this study is the restaurant services contract, on which the hotel, conference and forum services contracts depend greatly. By studying the catering contract in tourism, two important goals are set out: to develop tourism and protect the consumer by ensuring the health aspect of food and drink provided by restaurants and so, guaranteeing its proper and acceptable commercial practice. This is because restaurants are among the most prominent outlets from which food and drink of all kinds emerge, on a wide scale. III. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES - METHODOLOGY The purpose of this research is to determine the legal nature and essence of the catering contract. Such an approach takes it as given that the content of the contract and its subject depend on their natural-forming elements (naturalia negotii)27. In the case of innominate contracts, one has to search for elements of other strictly independently formed types of (nominate) contracts (essentialia negotii)28. These could help in solving the dilemma of the legal nature of the the Greek economy was estimated for the (last “normal”) year 2019 at € 23.4 billion – a sum that corresponds to 12.5% of GDP. In fact, taking into account the multiplying benefits, the total contribution of tourism to the economy of Greece for 2019 was estimated between €51.6 and €62.1 billion (27.5% to 33.1% of GDP). See Aris Ikkos & Serafeim Koutsos, The contribution of tourism to the Greek economy in 2019 (in Greek), INSETE (Greek Tourism Enterprises` Confederation Institute), 2020, passim [available at https://insete.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/20_09_Tourism_and_Greek_Economy_2018-2019.pdf, accessed 15 July 2025]. Compare Aris Ikkos & Serafeim Koutsos, The contribution of tourism to the Greek economy in 2024 (in Greek), Editions INSETE (Greek Tourism Enterprises` Confederation Institute), 2025, passim [available at https://insete.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/25_05_Tourism_and_Greek_Economy_2023-2024-1.pdf, accessed 15 July 2025]; according to them the direct contribution of tourism (including inbound tourism, cruises, airline and ferry company revenues, domestic tourism, and tourism investments) to the Greek economy in 2024 – at current prices – was €30.2 billion, corresponding to 12.7% of the country’s GDP, while if its indirect contribution through multipliers is also taken into account, it corresponds to approximately 31% (between 28.0% and 33.7%). 27 Contractual gaps may only be filled if they concern ancillary points that are neither subject to mandatory rules nor lie “outside the natural content of the agreement”. Furthermore, the court may only supplement the contract if this is necessary for the performance of the contract. Compare for this special topic of General Contract Terms in consumer contracts, Apostolos Tassikas, The Court and the Sleeping Beauty 2.0-Filling the Contractual Gap or Making Valid Consumer Contracts to the Detriment of the Non-consumer?, 2023 European Review of Contract Law 19(4), 422-454. The limits of contractual supplementation ultimately arise from the principle that no judicial intervention may take place in the privately agreed arrangements between the parties, Ernst A. Kramer, in Ernst A. Kramer & Bruno Schmidlin (ed.), Berner Kommentar zu Art. 1-18 OR VI: Obligationenrecht. 1. Abteilung: Allgemeine Bestimmungen. 1. Teilband: Allgemeine Einleitung in das schweizerische Obligationenrecht, Stämpfli: Bern 1985, Art. 18 OR N 245; Christoph Müller, in Christoph Müller & Regina Aebi-Müller (ed.), Berner Kommentar zu Art. 1-18 OR mit allgemeiner Einleitung in das Schweizerische Obligationenrecht, Stämpfli: Bern, 2018, Art. 1 N. 509 et seq. 28 The classification criterion is based on the essential elements which describe the relevant contract type law (usually in the introductory articles). They embody the main performance obligations that determine the type (the ‘core of the contract’) without which a contract of the type in question does not exist. Consequently, it is fundamentally the core elements of the legal definition alone that determine the classification of a specific agreement, Martinek, supra n. 66 APOSTOLOS TASSIKAS
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