For these reasons, we also soon realized the need, to identify a single control room for the definition of tourism policy lines, which, as is well known, led to the reform of ENIT (Italian National Tourist Board) and the creation of a National Tourism Committee (NTC) in charge of promotion even abroad through the use of new technologies. At the constitutional level, in particular, tourism is nowadays relevant in three different aspects: the first is related to the psychophysical well-being of the person, the second to the economic development of the country, and the third to the competitive title In our Constitutional Charter, the term tourism does not appear even once. With this statement, however, one should not conclude that the Constitution does not consider the sector or is otherwise indifferent to the interests and rights of tourists and operators; on the contrary, there are many principles and aspects involved. It has been said that some constitutional principles can be, at least indirectly, related to tourism. Tourism moves, therefore, multiple constitutional values, which distinctly tend to emerge, depending on the point of observation. In the perspective of the entrepreneur (and of the economic development of the country), it is the freedom of enterprise that is preponderant; in the perspective of the main tourist destinations, it is the public interest in the preservation (and enhancement) of cultural and environmental heritage; in the perspective of the tourist, on the other hand, it is freedom of movement and protection in the contractual relationship that are the main values of reference. Some articles of our Constitution can therefore be interpreted as protecting the tourist (individually or in groups), the industry operator and tourism resources. There are, therefore, starting right from our Constitutional Charter, several icons of hospitality, under the icastic force of which tourism materializes and develops.64 But let us return to its relationship with the city, which is the issue we are most interested in relating by trying to place well in evidence that cities, precisely, within whose framework the constitutional norms just mentioned find their best opportunity for application, are increasingly taken into consideration as tourist destinations, all the more so today, within a scientific debate and programmatic European policies sensitive to sustainability issues. And arguably, precisely on the level of the tourism clinic, that of sustainability65 64 On these figures and especially on their relationship with our Constitutional Charter, also from a comparative perspective, see the thorough and interesting work by M. Capelli, E. Grasso, Tourism between person and market: some reflections on comparative law in DPCE online 2020. 65 The quest toward sustainable forms of tourism dates back to the 1990s at the Globe 90 Conference in Vancouver recognized as the first official occasion for the application of sustainability principles to the tourism sector. In the 181 SMART CITIES AND TOURISM
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