reformism that knows how to walk hand in hand with the progress of history, to manage, however, to keep the threshold of attention high on the fact that the smart city, however neutral its epistemological horizon may be, feeds ex vetere on a prevailing capitalist-liberal logic being, as such, eager to infuse itself, with all evidence, into a political-economic device of city government of a predominantly plutocratic kind.95 The importance of sharing this background on the nature of smart cities is, in our view, of paramount importance, especially for those who today have roles of public investiture directed toward performing functions and delivering effective and efficient services in planning and programming the cities of the future. To disregard the possible shadow cones that exist in this idea of the smart city, with its admittedly positive potential, is to underestimate the risk that old forms of disciplining bodies can always be revitalized through overly pervasive and poorly regulated technological surveillance, and more generally, it is, above all, to underestimate the risk of sedimenting the fragmentation typical of large cities broken by the asynchronous link between population growth and economic growth. Smart solutions clash with the extreme fragmentation that increasingly characterizes urban space, and smartness risks becoming the engine of unequal development, a further element of division and crystallization of differences especially in the context of those countries, as albeit in terms still not paroxysmal is also ours, in which, inequalities at the urban level96 and polarizations of all kinds between the center and the periphery are, still, very strong.97 95 M. Schuilenburg, R. Peeters, Smart cities and the architecture of security: pastoral power and the scripted design of public space, in City, Territory and Architecture 2018. 96 The reflections and proposals of A. Police, Urban solidarity planning and market needs: in search of the ideal city, in P. Urbani, The new frontiers of urban planning law Giappichelli 2013. 97 Cf. the timely work of B. Secchi, The city of the rich and the city of the poor, Laterza 2013. 192 FRANCESCO GASPARI | LUIGI CAMERIERO
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