It is well known, in fact, to scholars of the subject that the definition of smart city, however it is to be declined, remains in studies, and not only in them in some cases, a very suggestive promise placed before the urban, environmental, and climate complexities of the new century, insofar as it succeeds in establishing itself as a valid experiment in the co-interessence and structural integration between the physical system digital and human, i.e., as a project destined to represent in reality the best opportunity to ensure, at the same time, a climatefriendly present, an environmentally sustainable future, and a prosperous and inclusive tomorrow for every city large or small. Now, how much this project will really be a dream, or how much it will be destined to turn into a nightmare is seriously not given to know at this time, although, to be equally serious and rigorous in our analysis, some clues, in order to mature a more prudent sefl restraint in the face of the many easy enthusiasms that have taken root on the subject in recent years, while it exists and, all things considered, even having some relevance, perhaps it is good to keep it in due consideration here as well. Beyond the good things that the technological infrastructure will surely accomplish or, perhaps, because of it, some drawbacks and potential risks on smart city development remain open, such as, for example, those related to surveillance and privacy93 or, more generally, to transparency and participation often undermined by the still open problems on urban fragmentation and the digital divide.94 This is not the place to analyze smart cities, but this is certainly an opportunity to raise awareness, even from a certain latency, about the fact that the smart city is not only a political-institutional project directed at fostering a new and more up-to-date model of the polis, but is above all an entrepreneurial project partly, if not fully, borne by the world’s major technology players. And it is no coincidence that realities such as Google, Alibaba, and IBM are also becoming the new and privileged urbanites in the world. It is necessary, therefore, even without losing the taste for bearing a healthy Vienna Centre of Regional Science 2007. 93 Cities are dotted with a thousand eyes that observe without punishing, or rather observe without determining in individuals the internalization of disciplinary values and the acquisition of regulated patterns of behavior as was the case in disciplinary architectures. On this topic see, A. De Giorgi, Zero Tolerance. Strategies and practices of the control society, Derive Approdi 2000. 94 On the delicate and still topical issue see Ł. Tomczyk, F.D. Guillén-Gámez, J.R. Palmero, A. Habibi, From Digital Divide to Digital Inclusion. Challenges, Perspectives and Trends in the Development of Digital Competences, Springer 2023. As well as I. Macrì, Digitization, innovation and security in the P.A., WKI Ipsoa 2022. 191 SMART CITIES AND TOURISM
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