IJTTHL1/2025

with a robot? Am I annoyed?). In this case, the use of these kind of robot will fall under the high risk category because according to annex III, artificial intelligence systems that are intended to be used for emotion recognition systems are to be considered high risk artificial intelligence systems and that has different implications: according to article 50, which sets out specific transparency obligations, where an artificial intelligence system is used for the purpose for emotion recognition or biometric categorisation, the deployers of such systems must inform the natural persons exposed to the system of its operation, and must ensure that all personal data processed is done in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation14, EU Regulation 2018/172515 and the Law Enforcement Directive (2016/680)16, as aplicable Furthermore and according to the risk-based approach adopted by the Artificial Intelligence Act, its article 9 establishes that a risk management system shall be established, implemented, documented and maintained in relation to high-risk artificial intelligence systems and it specifies that the risk management system shall be understood as a continuous iterative process planned and run throughout the entire lifecycle of a high-risk AI system, requiring regular systematic review and updating. Section 3 of chapter 3 includes a list of obligations of providers and deployers of high-risk artificial intelligence systems. According to article 16, providers of high-risk artificial intelligence systems shall: ensure that their high-risk artificial intelligence systems are compliant with the requirements set out in the Act; indicate on the high-risk artificial intelligence system or on its packaging or its accompanying documentation, as applicable, their name, registered trade name or registered trade mark, the address at which they can be contacted; have a quality management system in place; keep the required documentation; when under their control, keep the logs automatically generated by their high-risk artificial intelligence systems; ensure that the high-risk artificial intelligence system undergoes the relevant conformity assessment procedure, prior to its being placed on the market or put into service; draw up an EU declaration of 14 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. 15 Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. 16 Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data. 92 PAULA CASADESUS RIPOLL

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