THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TRAVEL and border contexts; in social assistance; for credit scoring; for use by law enforcement; or for judicial purposes. The EU Commission may update this list based on the severity and likelihood of impact of present and future AI systems on fundamental rights. Finally, a third category of AI systems is considered of “limited risk”. This category includes morally questionable AI applications such as AI algorithms that produce deepfakes (highly realistic fake videos or photos) as well as emotion recognition and biometric categorization systems. The use of these systems would imply no specific duty of compliance, only very vague transparency requirements: a simple notification to consumers/citizens about whether an AI system is operating in that context. Therefore, to have a complete picture of artificial intelligence systems, the definition in Article 3 of the Proposal is not sufficient, but it is appropriate to view Annex I of the Proposal. However, a limitation should be pointed out: it is almost impossible to keep the lists up to date with all the intelligence systems that are being developed. 2. HOW IS AI CHANGING THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY Thus, according to what has been said, trivializing it can be said that artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science where machines and computers simulate human intelligence. In AI machines are programmed to think like humans can do; it leverages the problem solving and decision-making capabilities of human beings. Artificial intelligence is not just a single technology, but a rapidly evolving collection of technologies like deep learning, machine learning, and expert systems. AI has made advances in many industries in the last years. According to some reports6, the penetration of artificial intelligence in any business field in 2021 has increased by 56% compared to 2019. In other words, it is already a tool of 6 See the report by the consulting firm McKinsey & Company, available at the link https://www.mckinsey. com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/global-sur vey-the-state-of-ai-in-2021. See also the repor t of 2022 published by the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), led by the AI Index Steering Committee, available at the link https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-AI-Index- -Report_Master.pdf. The AI Index is an independent initiative at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), led by the AI Index Steering Committee, an interdisciplinary group of experts from across academia and industry. The annual report tracks, collates, distills, and visualizes data relating to artificial intelligence, enabling decision-makers to take meaningful action to advance AI responsibly and ethically with humans in mind.
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