Tourism, visits to vineyards, associated activities and classifying subordinate employment relationships Enrico Gragnoli University of Parma 1. Wine tourism and associated activities. 2. Spontaneous participation of tourists in production activities and the nature of this working relationship. 3. Spontaneous participation of tourists in production activities and protecting their health and safety. 4. Guides in wine tourism. 5. Autonomous work and subordinate employment in wine tourism. 1. Wine tourism and associated activities. As with any other business, firms in the tourist industry must organise the work of staff members in keeping with production factors, adopting the associated regulations that govern their protection and vary depending on whether they are autonomous (self - employed) or employees with a subordinate employment contract. The extensive body of regulations and laws has not created separate categories for organisations offering tourism - related activities. As a result, there are no specific criteria that apply to them. The contract of enrolment and employment in the aeronautical and maritime field is a case apart, as the Italian Code of Navigation formerly introduced extensive regulations which remain in force to this day, although there has in fact been a tendency to bring them into line with common law, particularly where aeronautical work is concerned. There is not such a thing as law for tourism - related work, nor is it likely that such a situation will change, even in the long term. Regardless of the sector concerned, employers must respect labour law as a whole, and observe all the associated obligations. The regulations apply regardless of the type of company concerned and its function. Any business, and any work provider, must take labour law into account, even if it has not or indeed cannot be designed to cover every area of the market. Similar evaluations apply to autonomous or freelance work, in all its guises (occasional work, contracts stipulated with freelancers enrolled in professional registers and
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