1st World Congress on Wine Tourism and the Law agreements with freelancers not enrolled in professional registers). If anything, it is necessary to look into the forms which apply most to common organisational models, and ask ourselves how certain general principles are applied in relation to the most common problems faced by tourism companies, particularly in the wine - making industry. The same reasoning could, at least on an abstract basis, be applied to any economic sector. As with any other entity, tourist employers hire, dismiss, change the roles, transfer and exercise disciplinary and managerial power over their employees, as well as controlling them and ensuring they observe given working hours, amongst other things. In any case, employers in the tourism field must respect the entire set of provisions which, as a result, they must be familiar with. From the scientific standpoint, there is no employment law specifically for tourism businesses, nor is it likely that one will be developed in the long term. Given these circumstances, wine - related initiatives pose at least two sizeable issues; on the one hand, if a tourist takes part in production activities, one might ask oneself if playing a part in grape harvesting or wine - making constitutes a form of subordinate employment, or in any way poses legitimacy issues. On the other hand, given the frequency with which they play a part, it poses the question of how to classify the services provided by the guides or experts asked to illustrate the characteristics of the products or wineries and the methods they use, in particular to clarify whether the guides’ contributions should be provided on a subordinate employment basis. Both questions are relevant in terms of their application, and require a degree of reconstruction. As one might well expect, my answer is based on the tenets of Italian legislation, but, as it concerns theoretical issues, I expect the topic to apply across the board, and to be of interest to stakeholders in other countries as well. 2. Spontaneous participation of tourists in production activities and the nature of this working relationship. Work on an employed basis implies a professional activity performed on a salaried basis, and not just in Italy. For example, “for services provided in terms of a family - based collaboration and assistance offered to relatives or suchlike, including those with whom the person concerned does not cohabit, the assumption of gratuity still applies, based on the premise that the above services are usually provided affectionis
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