be aligned with the overall tourism policy objectives set by the corresponding public administration. In this sense, as already noted, “high gastronomic quality” is not enough; other criteria must be met beyond those established in the corresponding selfregulation systems, such as sustainability, accessibility, social responsibility, etc. Therefore, to the extent that this type of establishment deviates from these general objectives of global tourism policy, there may be administrative intervention, proportionate, of course, to ensure these objectives are aligned. This does not only involve police intervention or administrative control, but also promotional measures that incentivize or discourage certain activities. In fact, I believe that traditional administrative control measures (inspections, prior authorizations, etc.) would be very ineffective in this type of activity, so more effective alternatives such as awards or recognition would be necessary. V. THE NEED TO EDUCATE IN GASTRONOMIC VALUES 5.1. Health as an end Finally, I will address an issue that is generating serious public health problems internationally 24and is related to gastronomic education. Obesity is becoming one of the main health problems in Western cultures. This problem is undoubtedly related to changes in society’s lifestyle: the increase in sedentary 24 In 2022, 2.5 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight, including over 890 million adults who were living with obesity. This corresponds to 43% of adults aged 18 years and over (43% of men and 44% of women) who were overweight; an increase since 1990, when 25% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight. Prevalence of overweight variety by region, from 31% in the WHO South-East Asia Region and the African Region to 67% in the Region of the Americas. About 16% of adults aged 18 years and older worldwide were obese in 2022. The worldwide prevalence of obesity more than doubled between 1990 and 2022. In 2022, an estimated 37 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight. Once considered a high-income country problem, overweight is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. In Africa, the number of overweight children under 5 years has increased by nearly 23% since 2000. Almost half of the children under 5 years who were overweight or living with obesity in 2022 lived in Asia. Over 390 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 years were overweight in 2022. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) among children and adolescents aged 5–19 has risen dramatically from just 8% in 1990 to 20% in 2022. The rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2022 19% of girls and 21% of boys were overweight. While just 2% of children and adolescents aged 5–19 were obese in 1990 (31 million young people), by 2022, 8% of children and adolescents were living with obesity (160 million young people). Data obtained from the website: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight [accessed March 18, 2025] 16 ALEJANDRO CORRAL SASTRE
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