IV. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE 4.1. Scientific output on the topic Although the term Turismo DOP is of recent introduction, scientific literature has long highlighted the positive effects of Geographical Indications on territorial development. In 2024, the Qualivita Observatory recorded 17 studies dedicated to the relationship between GIs and tourism, classified along three main strands: socio‑economic development; environmental sustainability; digital innovation and governance. 4.2. Socio‑economic impacts GIs help generate economic value and employment in rural areas. Turismo DOP experiences foster farm multifunctionality, the creation of territorial networks, and the inclusion of small producers. Integrated itineraries and events linked to certified products have positive effects on local income, reduce depopulation, and strengthen the attractiveness of marginal areas. These activities also have a multiplier effect, stimulating related sectors such as restaurants, crafts, and distributed hospitality. 4.3 Environmental sustainability GIs are an effective tool for protecting landscapes and biodiversity. Turismo DOP amplifies this impact by promoting short supply chains, sustainable farming practices, and the raising of visitor awareness of environmental issues. Guided tours and educational workshops encourage responsible behaviour and drive the sector’s ecological transition. Two open challenges remain: managing tourist flows in ecologically fragile areas and adopting systems to measure environmental impact. 4.4. Digital innovation and governance Digitalisation is a strategic lever for Turismo DOP. Traceability tools (QR codes, blockchain, interactive platforms) ensure transparency and authenticity, improving visitor experience and GI reputation. Technology must remain a means, not an end: human contact, direct producer storytelling, and sensory experience are irreplaceable. Participatory governance models are therefore needed, balancing digital innovation with landscape protection. 321 TURISMO DOP: AUTHENTICITY, EDUCATION, AND SUSTAINABILITY
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