appellations. However, it is undoubtedly the decree-law of 30 July 1935 creating the appellations d’origine contrôlée (AOC) that is the cornerstone of the legal framework for SICQOs in France. Subsequently, cheese designations of origin appeared in 1953, followed by the Label Rouge in 1960 and organic farming in 1980. Influenced by France’s policy of promoting agricultural products, in 1992 the European Union created “quality schemes”, which include the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), equivalent to our national AOC, Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG) by Regulations No. 2081/92 and No. 2082/92. European regulations initially covered agri-food products before being extended to wines in 2009. The PDO now covers all European agricultural products and foodstuffs with specific characteristics originating in a defined geographical area comprising natural factors and human factors (know-how) and a specific set of requirements. Since 2012, products registered at European level have been labelled PDO, with French wines retaining the option to continue using the historic AOC designation. In a context marked by globalised trade, the standardisation of agriculture and growing consumer concerns about the quality, traceability and environmental impact of food, quality and origin identification marks (SIQO) are becoming increasingly important in French agriculture. SIQOs include the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), the Label Rouge, Organic Farming (AB) and the Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG). They promote agricultural and agri-food products that meet strict specifications linked to a specific region and, in some cases, a terroir, expertise or quality requirements. France, as a country with a long agricultural tradition where culinary arts play an important role, stands out for the number and reputation of its SIQO products. At European Union level, the geographical indication system distinguishes between Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) for wines and agri-food products, and Geographical Indication (GI) for spirit drinks. Registering a name guarantees protection throughout the European Union. Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) refers to a product for which all stages of production are carried out according to recognised expertise in a specific geographical area that gives the product its characteristics. The Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) identifies an agricultural product, raw or processed, whose quality or reputation or other characteristics are linked 369 LAW AND GASTRONOMY IN LIGHT OF REGULATION (EU) 2024/1143
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