The Commission provides the regulatory framework and financial resources, while the Member States are responsible for translating those objectives into concrete measures, adapted to their specific needs. As some scholars have underlined, with the new legal framework of the CAP a new implementation model is proposed that shifts the focus from compliance with detailed rules established at EU level to performance, i.e., to the results achieved by the States in relation to the objectives set, and aims to rebalance responsibility between the European Union and the Member States through greater subsidiarity.97 In substance, the governance of the CAP is a complex but well‑structured system that aims to ensure that the common agricultural policy is implemented effectively and consistently throughout the European Union, with respect for the specific needs of each Member State. Recently, on 19 February 2025, the Commission adopted a strategic document on “A Vision for Agriculture and Food”98, which builds on the report of the Strategic Dialogue on the future of EU agriculture99, framing the Commission’s work for this entire legislative term across all policy areas related to agriculture and food.100 VI. SIX GOAL: THE UN AGENDA 2030 AND THE CAP The UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development101 is an action programme for people, the planet and prosperity.102 It was adopted on 25 September 2015 by 193 UN Member States and comprises 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets that are interconnected and aim to foster economic, 97 See P. Lattanzi, La transizione verso un Sistema alimentare sostenibile nel green deal, in P. Borghi et al. (eds), Trattato di diritto alimentare italiano e dell’Unione europea, cit., p. 40. 98 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Vision for Agriculture and Food – Shaping together an attractive farming and agri-food sector for future generations, COM(2025) 75 final, 19 February 2025. 99 European Commission, Strategic Dialogue on the future of EU agriculture. Launched in January 2024, the Strategic Dialogue on the future of EU agriculture is a new forum that aims to shape a shared vision for EU farming. See https://commission.europa.eu/topics/agriculture-and-rural-development/strategic-dialogue-future-eu-agriculture_en. See also https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/overview-vision-agriculture-food/main-initiatives-strategic-dialogue-future-eu-agriculture_en. 100 See EU Parliament, The common agricultural policy (CAP) and the Treaty, 2025. The document is available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/103/la-politica-agricola-comune-pac-e-il-trattato. 101 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, A/RES/70/1 of 21 October 2015, Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 102 On this Resolution, see, inter alia, S. Manservisi, Il ruolo emergente del diritto agroalimentare tra economia circolare e SDGS di Agenda 2030, in S. Carmignani, N. Lucifero (edited by), Le regole del mercato agroalimentare tra sicurezza e concorrenza, Napoli, 2021, p. 843 ff. 448 FRANCESCO GASPARI | LUIGI CAMERIERO
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