authenticity of the product as an TSG and protect the consumer from deception by initiating a complaint procedure (COESCCI, 2016, 454). Differences and similarities between the European Union and Ecuadorian standards and the Peruvian system Traditional Specialities Guaranteed (TSG) in Peru, Ecuador and the EU share the common goal of preserving and protecting agricultural and food traditions as part of the cultural heritage. However, the Peruvian standard, unlike the European and Ecuadorian standards, protection is limited to the food product (at least it does not mention the words “agricultural product”), in keeping with its gastronomic potential and its many traditional recipes. In the EU, products must be registered as having been manufactured on the market and passed down through generations for at least 30 years. However, the Peruvian standard only requires 20 years. The Ecuadorian standard does not mention this requirement. As regards the Peruvian and Ecuadorian regulations, both belonging to the Andean Subregion, the procedure for registration, opposition, etc. takes place at a national level given the limited progress of subregional integration. For this reason, the management of registration and claims for TSGs is simpler than the EU regulations, whose registration has a double phase: national and Union, involving a more complex review and the possibility of oppositions by authorities of a Member State or third countries, as well as any natural or legal person, which underlines a highly rigorous system with a global reach. Continuing with the Andean Subregion, both Peru and Ecuador are governed by Decision 486 of the Andean Community Commission, which establishes the Common Regime on Industrial Property. Consequently, both Andean countries have adapted their regulations under the umbrella of this Decision, considering ETGs as elements of industrial property, unlike the EU standard, which, according to its position, considers that it is a property in fieri , that is, in the process of formation and, consequently, does not have the merit to be an element of intellectual or industrial property. On the other hand, Peru and Ecuador expressly prescribe that ETGs registered as such: ownership belongs to the State, which highlights the relevance of this protection of cultural heritage by both countries. In the Peruvian case, the registration of TSGs can be at the request of those who are directly engaged in the preparation, production or processing and also ex officio. On the other hand, the Ecuadorian standard does not mention that it can be ex officio; but like the Peruvian standard, the application is made by 741 LEGALITY AND GASTRONOMIC REGULATION OF TRADITIONAL SPECIALTIES GUARANTEED
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